Test Bank Ch1

Test BankChapter One (Data set outation) Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the spare-time activity Boolean operating theaters green groceriess the getup 1 for the fewerest number of remark plans? A. ANDB. ORC. XOR conclude A 2. Which of the adjacent outperform describes the NOR operation? A. An XOR followed by a NOTB. An OR followed by a NOT C. A NOT followed by a NOTC. An AND followed by a NOT reception B 3. Which of the following billet ideals assnot be expressed in hexadecimal short letter? A. 11111111B. 1001C. one hundred ten011D. 100000000001 root C 4. Which of the following is the binary theatrical performance of 4 5/8? A. 100. 11B. 10. 11C. 110. 101D. 100. 101 do D 5. Which of the following molybdenum moulds fabricates the abide by 5 in dickenss musical accompaniment bank bill? A. 00011010B. 11111011C. 00000101D. 11111011 settlement C 6. Which of the following bit patterns embodys the respect -5 in deuces complement notation? A. 00011010 B. 1111 1011C. 00000101 D. 11111011 solution D 7. In which of the following addition problems ( victimisation twos complement notation) does an overflow error encounter? A. 0011 B. 0100 C. 1100 + 1010 + 0100 + 1100 tell B 8. Which of the following representations in twos complement notation represents the largest care for?A. 00000010B. 11111111C. 00000001D. 11111110 manage A 9. Which of the following bit patterns ( be in hexadecimal notation) represents a negative number in twos complement notation? A. 7FB. 55C. A6D. 08 resultant role C 10. What value is correspond by the bit pattern 01011100 when interpreted using floating-point info arrange in which the most of import bit is the subscribe to bit, the undermentioned collar bits represent the exponent compass in profusion notation, and the last quaternary-spot bits represent the mantissa? A. -1 1/2 B. 1 1/2C. -3/8 D. 3/8 ANSWER B 11.Which of the following determine dissolvenot be stored accurately using a floating-point format in which the most significant bit is the sign bit, the next trine bits represent the exponent field in excess notation, and the last four bits represent the mantissa? A. 2 1/2B. 3/16C. 7D. 6 1/4 ANSWER D 121. Which of the following bit-patterns represents the sm hardlyest value using the floating-point format in which the most significant bit is the sign bit, the next three bits represent the exponent field in excess notation, and the last four bits represent the mantissa? A. 01001000B. 1011000C. 00101000D. 01111000 ANSWER C 13. Which of the following data retentiveness remainss provides the most efficient random access to individual data items? A. important shopB. Magnetic diskC. Optical CDs and DVDs ANSWER A 14. Which of the following storage arrangements is best suited for storing and retrieving long strings of data that are processed in their sequential order? A. Main memoryB. Magnetic diskC. Optical CDs and DVDs ANSWER C 15. Which of the following push-down stac k storage system does not require forcible motion? A. Magnetic tapeB. Magnetic diskC. DVDsD. Flash drives ANSWER D 16.Assuming that for for distributively one one of the following bit patterns originally had even parity, which one contains an error? A. 10110100B. 11000011C. 00011000 D. 10001001 ANSWER D 17. How m any errors per pattern could be corrected when using an error-correcting enroll in which any two legislation patterns differ by a hamming outdistance of 8? A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 6 ANSWER A 18. Which of the following is a possible LZW compression of the message xyz xyz xyz? A. 1234B. 1234545C. 232D. 12 ANSWER B 19. How many different symbols can be encoded using Unicode? A. 256B. 4,096C. 65,536D. 1,046,476 ANSWER C 20.Which of the following systems is least efficient when encode numeric determine? A. iis complement notationB. Excess notation C. ASCIID. Floating-point notation ANSWER C 21. Which of the following is a meaning of encryption music? A. ASCIIB. MIDIC. JPEGD. GIF ANSWER B Fill-in-the-blank/Short- come Questions 1. A computers main memory consists of numerous memory cells, all(prenominal)(prenominal) of which contains ________ bits. Each memory cell is identified by a numeric value called the cells _________. ANSWER eight, address 2. Represent the bit pattern 1011010010011111 in hexadecimal notation. ________ ANSWER B49F 3. A7DF is the hexadecimal representation for what bit pattern? ____________ ANSWER 1010 0111 1101 1111 4. How many different bit patterns can be formed if individually must consist of exactly 6 bits? ____________ ANSWER 64 5. Translate severally of the following binary representations into its uniform anchor ten representation. A. 1100__________ B. 10. 011__________ C. 0. 01 __________ D. 10001__________ ANSWER A. 12 B. 2 3/8 C. 1/4 D. 17 6. Rewrite each of the following values ( represent in base ten notation) in binary notation. A. 7__________B. 23__________ C. 2 1/4 __________ D. 5/8__________ ANSWER A. 111 B. 1 0111 C. 10. 01 D. 0. 101 7. If the patterns 101. 11 and 1. 011 represent values in binary notation, what is the binary representation of their sum? ____________ ANSWER 111. 001 8. victimisation a twos complement notation system in which each value is delineated by a pattern of half dozen bits, represent the value 3. ____________ ANSWER 000011 9. Using a twos complement notation system in which each value is represented by a pattern of six bits, represent the value -3. ____________ ANSWER 111101 10.What is the largest positive integer that can be represented in a twos complement system in which each value is represented by eight bits? ____________ ANSWER 127 (represented by 01111111) 11. In a twos complement system, what value is represented by the pattern 11111111111111001? ____________ ANSWER -7 12. When using twos complement notation, what bit pattern represents the negation of 01101010? ____________ ANSWER 10010110 13. What value is represented by each of the following pattern s in excess notation? A. 10000 ____ B. 0110 ____ C. 1011 ____ ANSWER A. 0, B. -2, C. 14. Using an 8-bit floating-point format in which the most significant bit is the sign bit, the next three bits represent the exponent field in excess notation, and the last four bits represent the mantissa, write the bit pattern that represents the value 1 3/4. (Use normalized form. ) ____________ ANSWER 01011110 15. What is the largest value that can be represented in a floating-point system in which each value is encoded by a byte whose most significant bit is the sign bit, the next three bits represent the exponent field in excess notation, and the last four bits represent the mantissa? ___________ ANSWER 7 1/2 (represented as 01111111) 16. Which of the following addition problems cannot be solved accurately when using a floating-point system in which each value is encoded by a byte whose most significant bit is the sign bit, the next three bits represent the exponent field in excess notation, a nd the last four bits represent the mantissa? A. 2 1/2 + 1 3/8B. 3 1/2 + 4 1/2C. 7 + 3/4 ____________ ANSWER A, B, and C 17. The following is an error-correcting code in which any two patterns differ by a roleplay distance of at least three. Symbol Representation A 000000B 001111 C 010011 D 011100 E 100110 F 101001 G 110101 H 111010 Decode each of the following patterns 010011 ________101010 ________011000 ________101101 _______ ANSWER C, H, D, F 18. How many errors in a single code pattern could be corrected when using an error-correcting code in which each code pattern is a Hamming distance of at least seven from any other code pattern? ____________ ANSWER 3 19. The following is a message that was originally encoded so that each pattern had odd parity. Circle the patterns in which an error has definitely conkred. 0110101 11110000 10010010 00000000 11111111 00001000 00111101 ______________________________________ ANSWER Second, fourth, fifth, and sixth 20. Data compression techn iques apply various principles to reduce the coat of data. One, called _______________________, avoids repeating long strings of the same data item. Another, called _______________________, encodes the difference surrounded by consecutive blocks of data quite a than encoding each block in its entirety. Still another, called _________________________, uses short bit patterns to encode frequently occurring items and longer patterns to encode slight frequent items.ANSWER Run-length encoding, relative encoding, and frequency-dependent encoding. Vocabulary (Matching) Questions The following is a inclining of terms from the chapter along with descriptive phrases that can be employ to produce questions (depending on the passics covered in your course) in which the students are ask to check into phrases and terms. An example would be a question of the form, In the blank next to each phrase, write the term from the following list that is best set forth by the phrase. TermDescripti ve Phrase bitBinary digit Boolean operationAND, OR, XOR, NOT addressA numeric value used to identify a memory cell exadecimal notationAn efficient itinerary of representing bit patterns sectorA segment of a track in a mass storage system zoned-bit reputationingA means of increasing the storage capacity of a magnetic disk system bufferA storage area used to utilise data on a temporary basis, often as a step in transferring the data from one device to another ISOAn worldwide organization for establishing standards ANSIA major standardization organization within the United States ASCIIA system developed by the American Standards Institute for encoding text. lip-flopA digital electrical rotary capable of holding a single digit twos complement notationA means of encoding whole numbers floating-point notationA means of encoding numeric values that may involve fractions truncationAn error that may occur when using floating-point notation pixelA small part of an image GIFA means of d ensification an image file by restricting the number of colors availableJPEGA means of compressing images by blurring the boundaries between different colors while maintaining all brightness information UnicodeA means of encoding text in which each symbol is represented by 16 bits LZWAn example of adaptive mental lexicon encoding MIDIA means of encoding music in terms of notes and instruments rather than actual audio Key fieldA part of a logical record in a file used to identify the record. VLSIA means of constructing interlacing circuitry in a very small space.General Format Questions 1. Describe how a computer can produce an incorrect answer when performing numeric computations even though it has not malfunctioned. ANSWER most(prenominal) students go forth probably imply to overflow and truncation errors. 2. Describe ho the concept of Hamming distance is used to produce an error-correcting code. ANSWER By designing a code in which each pattern has a Hamming distance of n from any other pattern, patterns with fewer than n/2 errors can be corrected by replacing them with the code pattern that is closest. . a. What is the output of the circuit below? pic b. In general, how does the three-bit insert pattern across the top of the diagram relate to the circuits output? ANSWER a. 0 b. The output is 0 if the excitant parity is odd the output is 1 if the input parity is even. 4. If the input and output bit patterns in the circuit below are interpreted as binary representations of numeric values, what operation does the circuit perform? pic ANSWER The circuit subtracts one (except for the case of the input being 000). . explicate why such terms as kilogrambyte, megabyte, and gigabit have acquired double meanings. ANSWER The prefixes kilo, mega, and giga are used traditionally to refer to units measured in powers of ten. However, due to the early misuse of the prefix kilo in reference to units of the size 1024, these prefixes are now often used to refer to uni ts that are powers of twoespecially when referring to the capacity of main memories. 6. metamorphose the following addition problem into twos complement notation using four bits per value), perform the addition, convert the answer back into base ten notation, and explain the subjects. 6 + 3 ANSWER In twos complement notation the problem is to add 0110 and 0011. The sum is 1001 which translates to -7. This answer is incorrect due to overflow. 7. Under what condition is each of the following data compression techniques most effective? a. Run-length encoding b. Relative encoding ANSWER a. Compresses most when data consists of long strings of the same entry. b.Compresses most when each block of data differs little from the previous block. 8. What is frequency-dependent encoding? ANSWER Frequency-dependent encoding is an encoding system that uses short bit patterns to represent data items that occur most often and longer patterns to represent less frequently occurring items. The result is that entire blocks of data can be represented in less space than would be required if each data item were represented by the same size bit pattern. 9. Construct the entire twos complement scale in which each value is represented by three bits.ANSWER 3 011 2 010 1 001 0 000 -1 111 -2 110 -3 101 -4 100 10. To what does the term normalized form refer in the background of floating-point notation? ANSWER Normalized form refers to a standard for positioning the bit pattern within the mantissa field. Many values can be represented in floating-point notation by different bit patterns, only one of which is in normalized form. Hence, restricting representations to normalized form assures that each value is represented by a unique pattern. 11.Explain why the final version of the lexicon need not be transmitted with a message encoded using LZW compression. ANSWER The dictionary can be constructed during decompression in the same way it was constructed during compression. 12. Among the Boo lean operations AND, OR, EXCLUSIVE OR, and NOT, which is least like the others? Explain your answer. ANSWER There is not really a right or wrong answer. The students explanation is the most important part. Most students will probably answer NOT because it has only one input whereas the others have two. 3. If a term paper consisted 42 pages, each containing 40 lines of 100 symbols each (counting each space as a symbol), was to be encoded using Unicode, how many bytes of storage space would be required? ANSWER 336,000 bytes (168,000 symbols time 2 bytes per symbol) 14. Explain why adding only a few characters to a text file may increase the files size by several hundred bytes and at other times may not increase the files size at all. ANSWER File space is allocated in terms of physical records, each of which is several hundred bytes in size.Thus, the size of a file grows by physical record units rather than by byte size units. 15. In a twos complement system, what value can be added t o any other value without causing an overflow? How many values in the system have this property? Explain your answer. ANSWER Adding the value 0 to any other value will not produce an overflow. However, if m is the largest positive integer that can be represented in the system, and then any value in the range 1 to m will produce an overflow when added to m, and any value in the range -1 to -( m + 1) will produce an overflow when added to -( m + 1).